• A Natural element (symbol: Cu). A reddish, ductile “transition metal” occurring naturally in rock, soil, water, plants, sediment and air.
• Typically dissolved in water as a divalent cation (Cu+2).
• In small amounts, copper is an essential element for living organisms, as a catalyst for producing enzymes.

Copper is obtainted by mining copper ores. It is widely used to make copper pipe and tubing. Copper compounds are used as pesticides and herbicides.

Copper does not break down in the environment, and it can be discharged from wastewater treatment facilities.

Corrosion from copper plumbing fixtures may cause high levels of copper in drinking water. The presence of copper corrosion is often indicated by blue-green staining of fixtures.

Regarding Health Effects, too much opper can cause nausea and vomiting, and long-term exposure can lead to liver damage and kidney problems.

Copper is a necessary nutrient, but USDA says adult intake should be no more tah 10 milligrams per day. Recommended adult intake is 1.0 to 1.6 mg/day.

US EPA Primary Drinking Water maximum contaminant level goal: 1.3 ppm. Secondary maximum (recommended to avoid metallic taste or blue-green staining): 1.0 ppm.

Water treatment:

Copper can be controlled in whole house (POE) applications and plumbing fixtures protected by cation exchange, pH control, and film-creating compounds such as polyphosphates.

Point of use treatment. Reverse osmosis removes copper handily--usually around 97%. Copper can also be removed by distillation and activated carbon adsorption.